
Recent progress in the use of stem cell‑derived exosomes to promote skin injury repair
Tian HOU, LinWen QIU, XinJue ZHOU, Lei WANG
Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3) : 14-25.
Recent progress in the use of stem cell‑derived exosomes to promote skin injury repair
Skin injury repair is a complex biological process, and research aimed at enhancing the self⁃repairing capacity of chronic or refractory skin wounds has significant clinical relevance. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication. Among these, stem cell‑derived exosomes exhibit multifaceted biological functions, including the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, promotion of angiogenesis at wound sites, acceleration of skin cell proliferation and re‑epithelialization, and inhibition of excessive scar formation. These properties position stem cell‑derived exosomes as a promising therapeutic strategy in the field of skin injury repair. This review comprehensively examines the regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of stem cell‑derived exosomes during skin injury repair. It further summarizes their emerging clinical applications in the treatment of chronic or refractory skin wounds, while exploring potential future directions for research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
stem cell‑derived exosomes / skin injury / wound healing / signaling pathways {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Biological effects of exosomes from different stem cell sources in the wound healing process表1 不同干细胞来源的外泌体在伤口愈合过程中的生理功效 |
干细胞外泌体类型 | 生物学效应 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|
人脐带间充质干细胞外泌体(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, HUCMSC‑Exos) | 阻止真皮成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化 | [7] |
促进血管内皮尖细胞的迁移和萌发,促进血管生成 | [8] | |
对微环境进行免疫调节,增强细胞存活和血管生成,为皮肤细胞的增殖和再上皮化提供合适的条件 | [9] | |
缓解由紫外线导致的人皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活力下降,维持正常的细胞形态和生理功能,发挥一定程度的抗衰老作用 | [10] | |
抑制肌成纤维细胞介导的纤维化,抑制瘢痕形成 | [11] | |
脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体(adipose‑derived stem cell exosomes, ADSC‑Exos) | 诱导成纤维细胞增殖和迁移,优化细胞外基质的重塑,减少瘢痕生成 | [12] |
增强血管内皮生长因子的分泌,促进血管生成 | [13] | |
阻止成纤维细胞分化为肌成纤维细胞,抑制肉芽组织形成,减少瘢痕生成 | [14] | |
骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, BMSC‑Exos) | 促进血管内皮尖细胞的迁移和萌发,促进血管生成 | [15] |
促进皮肤无瘢痕愈合 | [16] | |
刺激血管生成,抑制炎症,加速糖尿病皮肤伤口的愈合 | [17] | |
牙龈间充质干细胞外泌体(gingival mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, GMSC‑Exos) | 促进创面再上皮化、胶原沉积和血管生成 | [18] |
人尿源性干细胞外泌体(human urine‑derived stem cell exosomes, HUSC‑Exos) | 诱导促进内皮细胞的血管生成反应 | [19] |
诱导多能干细胞外泌体(induced pluripotent stem cells‑derived keratinocytes exosomes, iPSC‑KCs‑Exos) | 增强内皮细胞和角质形成细胞的迁移,加速创面血管生成和再上皮化 | [20] |
表皮干细胞外泌体(epidermal stem cell exosomes, ESC‑Exos) | 诱导M2型巨噬细胞极化,加速成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞的增殖与迁移 | [21] |
胎儿真皮间充质干细胞外泌体(fetal dermal mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, FDMSC‑Exos) | 诱导成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和分泌 | [22] |
月经血间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(menstrual blood‑derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, MenSC‑Exos) | 诱导M1、M2型巨噬细胞极化,从而抑制炎症 | [23] |
上调血管内皮细胞生长因子和重新上皮化以促进血管生成 | [23] | |
神经干细胞外泌体(neural stem cell exosomes, NSC‑Exos) | 炎症调节 | [24] |
邻近鹿角干细胞来源的外泌体(adjacent antler stem cell exosomes, AnSC‑Exos) | 抑制成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化,促进伤口无瘢痕愈合 | [25] |
玫瑰干细胞来源的外泌体(rose stem cell‑derived exosomes, RSCE‑Exos) | 在促进皮肤再生、伤口愈合、减少色素沉着和瘢痕形成方面具有积极作用 | [26] |
沃顿胶间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell‑derived exosomes, WJ‑MSC‑Exos) | 有效诱导内皮细胞、角化细胞和成纤维细胞的增殖和迁移,以促进血管生成和再上皮化 | [27] |
Table 2 Effects of various exosomes on diabetic wound healing via PI3K/AKT pathways表2 各种外泌体通过PI3K/AKT通路对糖尿病创面愈合的影响 |
外泌体种类 | 实验模型 | 机制/结果 | 参考 文献 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
体内 | 体外 | |||
人牙髓干细胞外泌体 | 雄性SD大鼠 | 人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs) | 促进血管生成,提高皮瓣存活率 | [46] |
ADSC‑Exos | Balb/c小鼠 | SZ95人皮脂腺细胞系 | 促进皮脂腺细胞增殖和迁移 | [47] |
低氧脂肪干细胞外泌体 | 链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠 | - | 下调基因miRNA‑99b和miRNA⁃146‑a;促进胶原重塑 | [48] |
BMSC‑Exos | 链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠 | HUVECs | 与miRNA‑126结合;促进HUVECs的增殖和迁移 | [49] |
经吡格列酮预处理的BMSC‑Exos | 链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠 | 高糖处理的HUVECs | 促进血管生成 | [50] |
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