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  北京化工大学学报(自然科学版)  2021, Vol. 48 Issue (6): 118-122   DOI: 10.13543/j.bhxbzr.2021.06.015
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南嘉欣, 王利. 双Lévy跳扩散模型下的欧式期权定价[J]. 北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48(6): 118-122. DOI: 10.13543/j.bhxbzr.2021.06.015.
NAN JiaXin, WANG Li. Pricing of european options in double lévy jump-diffusion models[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science), 2021, 48(6): 118-122. DOI: 10.13543/j.bhxbzr.2021.06.015.

第一作者

南嘉欣, 女, 1994年生, 硕士生.

通信联系人

王利, E-mail: wangli@mail.buct.edu.cn

文章历史

收稿日期:2020-12-07
双Lévy跳扩散模型下的欧式期权定价
南嘉欣 , 王利     
北京化工大学 数理学院, 北京 100029
摘要:主要讨论在带Lévy跳的Vasicek随机利率模型下,当标的资产的价格也由带Lévy跳的模型给出时,用标的资产和零息债券两种计价单位对相应的欧式期权进行定价。计算中主要用到计价单位转换原理,即将风险中性测度下的计算转换到两种计价单位对应的概率测度下进行,得到了双Lévy跳扩散模型下的欧式期权定价公式。
关键词Lévy跳扩散模型    零息债券    计价单位    测度变换    期权定价    
Pricing of European options in double Lévy jump-diffusion models
NAN JiaXin , WANG Li     
College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Abstract: We obtain the princing formula for European options when the interest rate is given by Vasicek model with Lévy jumps. The underlying asset is also described by a model with Lévy jumps(that is why we call double Lévy). The main method we used was to change the pricing numeraires, which can be achieved by changing the measures by Girsanov transformations.
Key words: Lévy jump diffusion model    zero-coupon bonds    numeraire    change of measure    option pricing    
引言

金融衍生产品的定价问题是金融界的热门研究问题,而由利率市场变化引发的衍生产品定价问题成为目前金融理论研究和实践研究的一个热点。Deng等[1]研究了Vasicek利率模型下的零息债券和无红利股票期权的定价问题;Carr等[2]研究了Lévy跳扩散过程下的期权定价并给出定价公式;郭精军等[3]研究了Vasicek随机利率和标的资产服从次分数布朗运动环境下的欧式期权定价公式;钱晓松[4]选取不同计价单位以及相应的概率测度,简化了一些期权定价中复杂的理论,得到了连续随机利率模型下欧式期权的定价公式。由于Lévy过程具有左极右连及无限可分的特性,可以更好地刻画金融市场中随时都在发生的小幅跳跃行为及罕见的大幅波动行为,因此本文在文献[4]的基础上研究了当利率与标的资产均由带Lévy跳的随机模型给出时的欧式看涨期权的定价问题。

1 带Lévy跳的利率与标的资产模型 1.1 带Lévy跳的Vasicek利率模型

设有一个概率空间(Ω, $\mathscr{F}$, $\mathscr{F}$t{0≤tT}, Q),$\mathscr{F}_t$t时刻的满足通常条件的域流,即$\mathscr{F}_t$是右连续且单调增的,Q是风险中性概率测度。Vasicek[5]于1977年提出的利率结构模型为

$ \mathrm{d} r(t)=k(\varepsilon-r(t)) \mathrm{d} t+v\mathrm{d}W(t), t \geqslant 0 $ (1)

式中,r(t)为短期利率,W(t)为布朗运动,kεv均为大于0的常数,其中k为拉力,ε为利率的长期平均水平。之后,Björk等[6]将其推广至由泊松点过程和布朗运动两个不确定因素联合驱动的利率结构模型,即利率r(t)满足如下随机微分方程

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \mathrm{d} r(t)=k(a-r(t)) \mathrm{d} t+\sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} W_{1}(t)+\int_{-1}^{+\infty} y\left(N_{1}\right. \\ \left.(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y)-\lambda_{1} q(\mathrm{d} y) \mathrm{d} t\right), t \geqslant 0 \end{array} $ (2)

r(0)=r,式(2)即为带Lévy跳的Vasicek利率模型。其中,kaσr均为大于0的常数;{W1(t)}t≥0为标准布朗运动;N1(dt, dy)= $\sum\limits_{t > 0} {{\delta _{\left( {t,{U_j}} \right)}}} $(dt, dy)为[0, T]×(-1, +∞)上对等于一个复合泊松过程(N1(t), (Uj)j≥1)的时齐泊松随机测度,记为$ {\widetilde N_1}$(dt, dy)=N1(dt, dy)-λ1q(dy)dtλ1q(dy)dtN1(dt, dy)的补偿测度;常数λ1为泊松过程N1(t)的强度;(Uj)j≥1为平方可积的独立同分布随机变量序列;q(dy)为相应的概率测度;(Uj)j≥1表示跳跃的幅度且Uj>-1。

1.2 标的资产

在风险中性测度Q下,考虑期权标的资产的价格S(t)为[7]

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \mathrm{d} S(t)=S(t)\left[r(t) \mathrm{d} t+\sigma \mathrm{d} W_{2}(t)+c \mathrm{d} \widetilde{N}_{2}(t)\right],\\ t \geqslant 0 \end{array} $ (3)

式中,σ是大于0的常数,{W2(t)}t≥0为标准布朗运动,r(t)为式(2)的解,{N2(t)}t≥0是强度为λ2的泊松过程,c为常数,${\widetilde N_2} $(t)=N2(t)-λ2t。由Itô公式[7]

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ S(t)=S(0)(1+c)^{N_{2}(t)} \exp \left\{\int_{0}^{t}(r(s)) \mathrm{d} s+\right. \\ \left.\sigma W_{2}(t)-\frac{1}{2} \sigma^{2} t-c \lambda_{2} t\right\}, t \geqslant 0 \end{array} $ (4)

c>-1时,S(t)是一个严格正的价格过程。令N2(dt, dx)为由c${\widetilde N_2} $(t)对应的泊松随机测度,强度为λ2dtυ(dx),很容易得到υ(dx)是集中在{c}上的点测度。

2 泊松随机测度

在给定的市场与概率空间(Ω, $\mathscr{F}$, $\mathscr{F}_t${0≤tT}, Q)中,短期利率r(t)$\mathscr{F}_t$可测。设置局部无风险资金账户$ B(t)=\exp \left\{\int_{0}^{t} r(s) \mathrm{d} s\right\}$,取定Q为一个风险中性鞅测度,即对市场上任意资产的价格过程ψ(t),其贴现过程ψ(t)/B(t)为Q鞅。

引理1[7]  设在测度Q下,{Wt}t≥0为标准布朗运动,N(dt, dx)是定义在[0, TR上的强度为λdtυ(dx)的泊松随机测度,H(x)满足$ \int_\mathit{R} {\left| {\mathit{H}(\mathit{x})} \right| \cdot \mathit{\upsilon }} ({\rm{d}}\mathit{x}) < \infty $,则存在与测度Q等价的鞅测度$\mathit{\widetilde Q} $,若有

$ \begin{aligned} &\xi_{t}=\exp \left\{\sigma W_{t}-\frac{1}{2} \sigma^{2} t+\left(\int_{R} \lg H(x) N((0, t], \mathrm{d} x)-\right.\right. \\ &\left.\left.t \int_{R}(H(x)-1) v(\mathrm{d} x)\right)\right\} \end{aligned} $ (5)

使得$ \frac{{{\rm{d}}\widetilde Q}}{{{\rm{d}}Q}}\mid {{\mathscr{F}}_t} = {\mathit{\xi }_t}$,且在$ \mathit{\widetilde Q}$测度下$ {\widetilde W_t}$=Wt-σt为标准布朗运动,$ \widetilde N$(dt, dx)=N(dt, dx)-λdtH(x)υ(dx)为泊松测度。

引理2[7](Doleans-Dade指数公式)  若{X(t)}t≥0是一个跳扩散过程,那么X的Doleans-Dade指数公式有如下形式

$ \begin{aligned} Z^{X}(t) &=\exp \left\{X^{c}(t)-\frac{1}{2}\left[X^{c}, X^{c}\right](t)\right\} \prod\limits_{0 \leqslant s \leqslant t}(1+\\ \Delta X(s)), t & \geqslant 0 \end{aligned} $ (6)

这个过程是满足初始条件ZX(0)=1的随机微分方程dZX(t)=ZX(t-)dX(t)的解。

引理3[1]  在上述概率空间中,若利率r(t)满足式(2),则到期日为T的零息债券在时刻t的价格b(t, T)=exp{A(t, T)+G(t, T)r(t)},b(T, T)=1。其中G(t, T)= $ \frac{1}{k}\left[ { - 1 + {{\rm{e}}^{ - k(T - t)}}} \right]$,且A(t, T)满足

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\partial A(t, T)}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial G(t, T)}{\partial t} r+\frac{1}{2} \sigma_{r}^{2} G^{2}(t, T)+k a G(t, \\ T)-k r G(t, T)-r+\lambda_{1}\left[\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1-y G(t, T)\right]=0 \end{array} $ (7)

{W1(t)}t≥0, {W2(t)}t≥0, {N1(t)}t≥0, {N2(t)}t≥0, (Uj)j≥1是相互独立的,利率由式(2)给出,以标的资产S(t)与零息债券b(t, T)两种计价单位来对欧式看涨期权进行定价。

3 定理及证明

定理  在市场利率和标的资产的价格分别由式(2)、(3)给出的双Lévy跳的市场环境中,到期时间为T,执行价格为K,欧式看涨期权在零时刻的价格

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C(0, S(0))=E^{Q}\left[B^{-1}(T)(S(T)-K)^{+}\right]= \\ \sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\left(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}\right) T}\left(\lambda_{1} T\right)^{m}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{m ! n !}\left[S(0) E\left[\varPhi\left(d_{1}^{m, n}\right)\right]-\right. \\ \left.\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{1} U T} K b(0, T) E\left[\varPhi\left(d_{2}^{m, n}\right) \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T)} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{m} U_{j}\right]\right] \end{array} $ (8)

式中,E[·]为对独立同分布随机变量序列(Uj)j≥1的函数期望,Φ(y)= $(1/\sqrt {{\rm{2 \mathit{ π} }}} )\int_{ - \infty }^y {{{\rm{e}}^{ - {x^2}/2}}} {\rm{d}}\mathit{x}$为标准正态分布的累计分布函数, 有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)=\int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1\right) q(\mathrm{d} y) \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta(t)=\sqrt{\sigma^{2}+G^{2}(t, T) \sigma_{r}^{2}} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \widetilde{W}(t)=\int_{0}^{t} \frac{-\sigma \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{2}(s)+G(s, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{1}(s)}{\Delta(s)} \mathrm{d} s \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ d_{1}^{m, n}=\left[\ln \frac{S(0)}{K b(0, T)}+\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t-\lambda_{1} T \cdot\right. \\ E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)-\lambda_{2}(1+c) T-\ln \left[\prod\limits_{j=0}^{m} \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}} \cdot\right. \\ \left.\left.\left(\frac{1}{1+c}\right)^{n}\right]\right] / \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t \end{array} $ (9)
$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ d_{2}^{m, n}=\left[\ln \frac{S(0)}{K b(0, T)}-\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t-\lambda_{1} T \cdot\right. \\ \left.E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)+\ln \left[\prod\limits_{j=0}^{m} \frac{1}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}}(1+c)^{n}\right]\right] / \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t \end{array} $ (10)

证明  到期时间为T且执行价格为K的欧式看涨期权的风险中性价格C(0, S(0))满足

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C(0, S(0))=E^{Q}\left[B^{-1}(T)(S(T)-K)^{+}\right]= \\ E^{Q}\left[B^{-1}(T) S(T) I_{\{S(T) \geqslant K\}}\right]-K E^{Q}\left[B^{-1}(T) I_{\{S(T) \geqslant K\}}\right] \end{array} $ (11)

在此处,EQ表示在风险中性测度Q下的期望。对于EQ[B-1(T)S(T)I{S(T)≥K}],以S(t)作为计价单位,将其测度变换到测度QS;对于EQ[B-1(T)I{S(T)≥K}],以b(t, T)作为计价单位,将其测度变换到测度QbR-N导数分别为$\frac{{{\rm{d}}{Q^S}}}{{{\rm{d}}Q}}\mid {{\mathscr{F}}_t} = \frac{{S(t)}}{{S(0)B(t)}} $, $ \frac{{{\rm{d}}{Q^b}}}{{{\rm{d}}Q}}\mid {{\mathscr{F}}_t} = \frac{{b(t,T)}}{{b(0,T)B(t)}}$。经过上述变换式(11)变为

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C(0, S(0)) =S(0) Q^{S}(S(T) \geqslant K)-K b(0, T) \\ Q^{b}(S(T) \geqslant K) =S(0) Q^{S}\left(\frac{b(T, T)}{S(T)} \leqslant \frac{1}{K}\right)-K b(0,\\ T) Q^{b}\left(\frac{S(T)}{b(T, T)} \geqslant K\right) \end{array} $ (12)

定义Y(t)=b(t, T)/S(t)和Z(t)=S(t)/b(t, T),先分别求出Y(t)、Z(t)在测度QSQb下的表达式, 再分别计算QS(S(T)≥K)与Qb(S(T)≥K)。

引理4  由Girsanov's定理,经由测度变换

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Q^{S}}{\mathrm{d} Q} \mid \mathscr{F}_{t}=\frac{S(t)}{S(0) B(t)}=(1+c)^{N_{2}(t)} \exp \left\{\sigma W_{2}(t)-\right. \\ \left.\frac{1}{2} \sigma^{2} t-c \lambda_{2} t\right\} \end{array} $ (13)

在测度QS下,${\widetilde W_2} $(t)=W2(t)-σt为标准布朗运动,${\widetilde N_2} $(dt, dx)=N2(dt, dx)-λ2(1+c)υ(dx)dt为泊松鞅。

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Q^{b}}{\mathrm{d} Q} \mid \mathscr{F}_{t}=\frac{b(t, T)}{b(0, T) B(t)}=\int_{0}^{t} \int_{-1}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{G(s, T) y} N_{1}(\mathrm{d} s, \\ \mathrm{d} y) \exp \left\{\int_{0}^{t} G(s, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} W_{1}(s)-\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{t} G^{2}(s, T) \sigma_{r}^{2} \mathrm{d} s+\right. \\ \left.\int_{0}^{t} \int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(s, T) y}-1\right) \lambda_{1} q(\mathrm{d} y) \mathrm{d} s\right\} \end{array} $ (14)

在测度Qb下,$ {\widetilde W_1}(t) = {W_1}(t) - {\mathit{\sigma }_r}\int_0^t G (s,T){\rm{d}}s$为标准布朗运动,${\widetilde N_1} $(dt, dy)=N1(dt, dy)-eG(t, T)y· λ1q(dy)dt为泊松鞅测度。${\widetilde N_1} $(dt, dy)的局部特征为$ {\mathit{\lambda }^b} = {\mathit{\lambda }_1}\left( {1 + E\left( {{{\widetilde U}_1}} \right)} \right)$, ${q^b}({\rm{d}}y) = \frac{{{{\rm{e}}^{G(t,T)y}}q({\rm{d}}y)}}{{1 + E\left( {{{\widetilde U}_1}} \right)}} $

引理5  在测度QS下,Y(T)具有如下表达式

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Y(T)=\frac{b(0, T)}{S(0)}\left(\frac{1}{1+c}\right)^{N_{2}(T)} \prod\limits_{j=0}^{N_{1}(T)} \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}\cdot \\ \exp \left\{\lambda_{1} T E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)-\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t+\lambda_{2}(1+c) T+\right. \\ \left.\int_{0}^{t} \Delta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t)\right\} \end{array} $ (15)

证明  由Itô公式,对于b(t, T)和1/S(t)分别有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} b(t, T)}{b(t, T)}=r(t) \mathrm{d} t+G(t, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} W_{1}(t)+ \\ \int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1\right) \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y) \end{array} $ (16)

又在测度QS下有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y)=N_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y)-\lambda_{1} q(\mathrm{d} y) \mathrm{d} t \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d}(1 / S(t))}{1 / S(t)}=-r(t) \mathrm{d} t-\sigma \mathrm{d} W_{2}(t)+\sigma^{2} \mathrm{d} t+ \\ c \lambda_{2} \mathrm{d} t+\left(\frac{-c}{1+c}\right) \mathrm{d} N_{2}(t) \end{array} $ (17)

Y(t)=b(t, T)/S(t),再由Itô公式可得

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Y(t)}{Y(t)}=G(t, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} W_{1}(t)+\sigma^{2} \mathrm{d} t-\sigma \mathrm{d} W_{2}(t)+\\ c \lambda_{2} \mathrm{d} t+\left(\frac{-c}{1+c}\right) \mathrm{d} N_{2}(t)+\int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1\right) \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t,\\ \mathrm{d} y) \end{array} $ (18)

下面给出在测度QSY(T)的表达式。记$\widetilde {{W_1}} $(t)=W1(t)。由引理4,$\widetilde {{W_2}} $(t)=W2(t)-σt为标准布朗运动, $ \widetilde {{N_2}}$(t)=N2(t)-λ2(1+c)t,则有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Y(t)}{Y(t)}=G(t, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{1}(t)-\sigma \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{2}(t)+ \\ \int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1\right) \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y)+\left(\frac{-c}{1+c}\right) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{N}_{2}(t) \end{array} $ (19)

$\Delta (t) = \sqrt {{\mathit{\sigma }^2} + {G^2}(t,T)\mathit{\sigma }_r^2} ,\widetilde W(t) $= $\int_0^t {\frac{{ - \mathit{\sigma }{\rm{d}}{{\widetilde W}_2}(s) + G(s,T){\mathit{\sigma }_r}{\rm{d}}{{\widetilde W}_1}(s)}}{{\Delta (s)}}} {\rm{d}}s $,即

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Y(t)}{Y(t)}=\Delta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t)+\int_{-1}^{+\infty}\left(\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}-1\right) \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t,\\ \mathrm{d} y)+\left(\frac{-c}{1+c}\right) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{N}_{2}(t) \end{array} $ (20)

再由引理2可得到Y(T)即为式(15)。

引理6  在测度Qb下,Z(T)表达式为

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Z(T)=\frac{S(0)}{b(0, T)}(1+c)^{N_{2}(T)} \prod\limits_{j=1}^{N_{1}(T)} \frac{1}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}} \cdot \\ \exp \left\{-\lambda_{1} T E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)-\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t-\int_{0}^{T} \Delta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t)\right\} \end{array} $ (21)

证明  类似地,对Z(t)=S(t)/b(t, T)有

$ \begin{aligned} &\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Z(t)}{Z(t)}=\sigma \mathrm{d} W_{2}(t)-G(t, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} W_{1}(t)+ \\ &\int_{-1}^{+\infty} \frac{1-\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}}\left(N_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y)-\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y} \lambda_{1} q(\mathrm{d} y) \mathrm{d} t\right)+ \\ &G^{2}(t, T) \sigma_{r}^{2} \mathrm{d} t+c \mathrm{d} N_{2}(t) \end{aligned} $ (22)

以下给出在测度QbZ(T)的表达式。记$ {\widetilde W_2}$(t)=W2(t), ${\widetilde W_1} $(t)=W1(t)- ${\mathit{\sigma }_r}\int_0^t G (s,T){\rm{d}}s $为标准布朗运动, ${\widetilde N_1} $(dt, dy)=N1(dt, dy)-eG(t, T)yλ1·q(dy)dt为鞅测度,则有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Z(t)}{Z(t)}=\sigma \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{2}(t)-G(t, T) \sigma_{r} \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}_{1}(t)+c \mathrm{d} N_{2}(t)+ \\ \int_{-1}^{+\infty} \frac{1-\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}} \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y) \end{array} $ (23)

$\Delta (t) = \sqrt {{\mathit{\sigma }^2} + {G^2}(t,T)\mathit{\sigma }_r^2} $, $\widetilde W(t) = \int_0^t {\frac{{ - \mathit{\sigma }{\rm{d}}{{\widetilde W}_2}(s) + G(s,T){\mathit{\sigma }_r}{\rm{d}}{{\widetilde W}_1}(s)}}{{\Delta (s)}}} {\rm{d}}s $,即

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \frac{\mathrm{d} Z(t)}{Z(t)}=-\Delta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t)+c \mathrm{d} N_{2}(t)+ \\ \int_{-1}^{+\infty} \frac{1-\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) y}} \widetilde{N}_{1}(\mathrm{d} t, \mathrm{d} y) \end{array} $ (24)

再由引理2可得Z(T)即为式(21)。

在得到Y(T)和Z(T)的表达式后,对式(12)中QS(S(T)≥K)进行如下计算。

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{S}(S(T) \geqslant K)=Q^{S}\left(\frac{b(T, T)}{S(T)} \leqslant \frac{1}{K}\right)=Q^{S}(K \cdot \\ Y(T) \leqslant 1)=Q^{S}(\ln K Y(T) \leqslant 0)=Q^{S}(\ln K+\ln Y(T) \leqslant\\ 0 ) \end{array} $ (25)

Y(T)的表达式(式(15))代入式(25),整理得到

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{S}(S(T) \geqslant K)=Q^{S}\left(\int_{0}^{T} \Delta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t) \leqslant\right. \\ \ln \frac{S(0)}{K b(0, T)}+\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t-\lambda_{1} \operatorname{TE}\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)-\lambda_{2}(1+c) T- \\ \ln \left[\prod\limits_{j=0}^{N_{1}(T)} \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}\left(\frac{1}{1+c}\right)^{N_{2}(T)}\right] \end{array} $ (26)

注意到在测度Q下随机积分$ \int_0^T \mathit{\Delta } (t){\rm{d}}\widetilde W(t)$服从均值为0、方差为$\int_0^T {{\mathit{\Delta }^2}} (t){\rm{d}}t $的高斯分布。

由于(Uj)j≥1, {N1(t)}t≥0, {N2(t)}t≥0相互独立,在测度QS下,${\widetilde N_1} $(dt, dy)的强度不变,利用全概率公式得

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{S}(S(T) \geqslant K)=\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{1} T}\left(\lambda_{1} T\right)^{m}}{m !} \cdot \\ \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{2} T}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{n !} E^{Q^{S}}\left[\varPhi\left(d_{1}^{m, n}\right)\right]=\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \\ \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\left(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}\right) T}\left(\lambda_{1} T\right)^{m}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{m ! n !} E\left[\varPhi\left(d_{1}^{m, n}\right)\right] \end{array} $ (27)

其中d1m, n即为式(9)。

同理,对于式(12)中Qb(S(T)≥K)有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{b}(S(T) \geqslant K)=Q^{b}\left(\frac{S(T)}{b(T, T)} \geqslant K\right)=Q^{b}(\ln (Z(T) / \\ K) \geqslant 0)=Q^{b}(\ln Z(T)-\ln K \geqslant 0) \end{array} $ (28)

Z(T)的表达式(式(21))代入式(28),整理得到

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{b}(S(T) \geqslant K)=Q^{b}\left(\int_{0}^{T} \varDelta(t) \mathrm{d} \widetilde{W}(t) \leqslant\right. \\ \ln \frac{S(0)}{K b(0, T)}-\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{T} \varDelta^{2}(t) \mathrm{d} t-\lambda_{1} T E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)+ \\ \left.\ln \left(\prod\limits_{j=1}^{N_{1}(T)} \frac{1}{\mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}}(1+c)^{N_{2}(T)}\right)\right) \end{array} $ (29)

又因为在测度Qb下,$ {\widetilde N_1}$(dt, dy)的局部特征变为λb=λ1(1+E(${\widetilde U_1} $)), ${q^b}({\rm{d}}y) = \frac{{{{\rm{e}}^{G(t,T)y}}q({\rm{d}}y)}}{{1 + E\left( {{{\widetilde U}_1}} \right)}} $,则有

$ \begin{array}{l} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Q^{b}(S(T) \geqslant K)=\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda b T}\left(\lambda^{b} T\right)^{m}}{m !} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{2} T}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{n !} \\ E^{Q^{b}}\left[\varPhi\left(d_{2}^{m, n}\right)\right]=\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{1}(1+U) T}\left(\lambda_{1}\left(1+E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)\right) T\right)^{m}}{m !} \cdot \\ \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{2} T}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{n !}\left[\varPhi\left(d_{2}^{m, n}\right) \frac{\prod\limits_{j=1}^{m} \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) U_{j}}}{\left(1+E\left(\widetilde{U}_{1}\right)\right)^{m}}\right]=\sum\limits_{m=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \\ \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-\left(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}\right) T}\left(\lambda_{1} T\right)^{m}\left(\lambda_{2} T\right)^{n}}{m ! n !} \mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_{1} T E\left(\tilde{U}_{1}\right)} E\left[\varPhi\left(d_{2}^{m, n}\right) \mathrm{e}^{G(t, T) \sum\limits_{j=1}^{m} U_{j}}\right] \end{array} $ (30)

其中d2m, n即为式(10)。

综合式(11)、(27)、(30),即可整理得到欧式看涨期权的价格公式(8)。

4 结束语

本文研究利率和资产均服从Lévy跳扩散模型下的欧式看涨期权的定价问题。在计算过程中利用带跳的测度变换公式完成测度变换,利用Lévy-Itô型积分公式与Doleans-Dade指数公式完成计价单位转换的计算。该模型可以更好地捕捉市场中的利率波动以及适应利率市场环境,并且使用计价单位转化原理使得定价问题变得简便。

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